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The book is intended as a guide to plating practice and corrosion-inhibiting methods. This includes processes such as 'Parkerizing' and Sheardizing and the metal-spraying processes. The first chapter deals with the general principles of electro-deposition and includes such items as electrical connections, resistance boards and plating shop requirements. The second chapter deals with the need for thorough cleaning of articles prior to electro-deposition, including pickling and dipping. The next chapter covers the electro-deposition of chromium, nickel, lead and zinc. Tin-plating follows in Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 deals with silver and gold plating. Chapters then follow that deal with a number of specialised applications of electro-deposition such as the printing industry and the hardware trade. Chapter 11 covers the methods used in testing for colour, thickness, porosity, corrosion resistance and adhesion, followed by a chapter on the process known as periodic reverse-current electroplating. The next three chapters deal with chemical surface treatment processes, sheardizing, fescolising and calorizing and the protection of magnesium alloys. The final chapter details the processes for applying protective coatings by metal-spraying, flame (powder) spraying and molten-metal spraying.

Container terminals in Europe play a significant role as nodes within logistics chains. The management of container transportation systems is a decentralised often poorly structured complex and changeable problem domain. A MAS (multi-agent system) approach is proposed which would offer port and terminal actors (for example rail operators) a suitable means of control coordination and management in the container terminal domain. The focus is on the importance of collaboration between different parties improving intermodal transportation and in particular the rail-port interface since it affects the overall performance of the total transport chain. Firstly the measurements and driving forces in transportation are discussed. Then a MAS approach for rail traffic a container terminal and their interface is presented. Finally the MAS approach is presented as an alternative method for improving the container terminal interface system.

Energy storage is a key issue for long endurance autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). This paper focuses on primary and secondary electrochemical batteries how existing vehicles have constructed their energy storage systems and seeks to establish whether electrochemical cells alone will be able to provide the necessary energy at an affordable cost for future long endurance AUVs and the missions being considered. After some introductory information attention is given to the factors affecting the mass available for energy storage in an AUV. This is followed by a look at battery use in four contrasting vehicles - REMUS (a small AUV that can be configured for different applications) Autosub (a large AUV designed for applications in ocean science) Geosub (derived from Autosub but optimised for routine use in the offshore oil/gas industry) and USS Cutthroat (the world's largest AUV).

The enforcement of legal regulations for the protection of the marine environment is considered. Contrary to domestic law international law does not provide a central power for its enforcement. This is due to its nature of lack of power and its decentralisation. Therefore a State might have to enforce international law itself. It is discussed whether this is true for the enforcement of common interest of the international community. First enforcement among states and by states is considered (repressive measures and co-operative measures). After this legal regulations on air pollution from ships are examined. It is concluded that international environmental law does provide some repressive instruments for the enforcement of legal regulations but rather prefers co-operative measures. Financial incentives to induce compliance with but also beyond the internationally agreed standards are very important even indispensable for the success of modern environmental agreements. Ensuring compliance with legal regulations for the protection of the marine environment should not be undertaken solely by co-operative enforcement mechanisms but also by a rise of the environmental public conscience.

This book presents the papers given at a very successful seminar on Engineering and Development in the Gulf, held October 1975, and organised by the Bahrain Society of Engineers. The papers cover a wide field, of interest not only to engineers but also businessmen, government officials, economists and others. Papers cover urbanisation in the Gulf; computer support for engineering activities in the petroleum industry; education and training of technician engineers; the Arab Shipbuilding and Repair Yard Company; environmental impact of industrialisation; water pumping - a practical application of solar energy; high voltage insulation and the problem of desert pollution; role of the Gulf in the future development of the world aluminium industry; port planning and development; design considerations in gas turbines; petrochemicals in Iran; the future of petrochemicals in the Gulf; and the application of surplus oil revenues of OAPEC for development use.

This book, which deals primarily with engineering drawing, has three main aims: - To teach the student to master the basic principles of engineering drawing. - To encourage him to draw accurately and correctly - To develop his interest in a subject which is of first importance to all who have to use engineering drawings in the course of their daily work. The presentation is essentially a practical one, with emphasis on how to produce correct drawings without necessarily proving the steps taken. It should be possible for students with a limited knowledge of Geometry and Mathematics to tackle successfully the examples given in the book and to produce engineering drawings which conform to the accepted conventional practices.

Here is a comprehensive, authoritative review of engineering fundamentals aimed to help prepare students for passing examinations. All phases of engineering are covered, with particular attention given to the 8 different fields of engineering that ordinarily appear on exams - mathematics, mechanics, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, mechanics of materials, electricity and electronics, chemistry, and economics and investment theory. Principles of physics - as they apply to the various subjects discussed - are interspersed throughout, since many states include miscellaneous problems largely concerning the general subject of physics. The book follows a three-step sequence: first, engineering principles are defined and discussed; second, they are illustrated through solution of sample problems carefully selected from previous exams; third;, a group of sample problems is provided at the end of each chapter for students to study and solve.

In an effort to better understand open ocean aquaculture challenges the University of New Hampshire (UNH) has been investigating the biological engineering environmental and economical issues. This overview focuses on the engineering approach used by UNH to determine aquaculture system loads motions and operational logistics by using a variety of tools including numerical and physical models and field experimentation. Numerical modeling is performed with Aqua-FE a finite element analysis (FEA) program developed to study aquaculture type systems MSC.MARC/Mentat a FEA structural modeling program and FLUENT a computational dynamics program. Scaled physical model tests are performed in the UNH wave/tow tank. In addition an extensive field program of experiments has been conducted with the use of biofouled net panels telemetry and control systems feed buoys scaled cages and environmental monitoring equipment.

Wave-induced seabed instability around marine facilities has been recognised as a key issue in the design of marine facilities. Most previous studies have been focused on individual issues in the area without a global consideration. This limits the research outcomes to pure academic research and practical engineers are rarely to use it in the real design as it is too complicated. In this study first a new model was established for random wave-induced residual pore pressure in marine sediments. Second the new model was integrated with previous work including analytical and numerical models into a simple package (PORO-WSSI). In the model a GUI (graphical user interface) is included. The main feature of the PORO-WSSI is outlined and numerical results are presented and discussed.

Previous work carried out by QinetiQ had shown that the concept of a medium sized electromagnetic launcher (EML) for maritime air defence was feasible but that the uniqueness of such a system hinged on the design of the projectile. This paper therefore examines the key issues of guidance and control for that projectile. The objective being to discern firstly that solutions could be found and secondly to pull together the disparate research threads and take the first steps towards the development of a workable EML projectile specifically for maritime air defence within the 2015-2020 timescale.

As regions such as the North Sea have matured as oil provinces the E&P (exploration and production) industry as moved to begin exploration of emerging regions such as Falklands Faroes and the Atlantic Margin. These regions are characterised by hostile climactic conditions and deep water and require a different approach to environmental management. The industry as recognised the challenge to developing an emerging region and has begun to develop a strategic joint industry approach to environmental management. The AFEN (Atlantic Frontier Environmental Network) was set up. This is a consortium of all 14 operators with acreage on the Atlantic Margin together with representatives from government authorities. A number of areas have been identified for further work: benthic conditions (chemistry and fauna); cetacean migration; seabird monitoring; and the need for the establishment of a transparent mechanism for oil spill performance and wider dialogue with local communities. These four areas are briefly outlined.

Tidal currents and ranges in the Mediterranean basin are generally low from a tidal energy perspective. The narrows through the Strait of Messina are an exception exhibiting intensive tidal currents that have the potential for the economic exploitation. Maximum current velocities at spring peak tides through the Strait vary between 1.8m/s to more than 3m/s. Selection of suitable locations for tidal energy extraction for the exploitation of these natural tidal phenomenon is not however a simple process. Constraints must be satisfied subject to basic criteria dependent upon local factors technology limitation and economic consideration. In addition the impact of large scale extraction on the underlying hydrodynamics environment and ecology within the Strait has to be assessed and evaluated. This paper is a desk-based case study to show how a tidal resource may be environmentally assessed for energy extraction using the Strait of Messina as an exemplar case

Consideration is given to some of the challenging aspects of ecological and visual assessment that offshore renewables projects have presented to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) practitioners. Many of these arise from the unpredictability of the weather sea condition and the seasonal nature of many of the issues considered. However many more are the result of the novelty of such developments and the absence of historical evidence on which to base impact predictions. After some introductory information attention is given to ecological assessment. This is followed by a look at seascape landscape and visual assessment.

Historically seafarers took marks from the coasts along which they travelled in order to have a sure reference for future voyages. EPDIS (the electronic pilot display and information system) is a new technology that presents the traditional 'Pilot Book' in electronic format by means of the current and latest information and visual representation developments. The idea is to provide a system that integrates a 3D view of the coastline as seen from the ship's bridge connected to an information system which is basically a compendium of the data contained in the traditional 'Pilot Book' and other complementary texts like guides to port entry radio signals and light books. The most relevant aspects for the development of the EPDIS system are described together with the results obtained from work done on the trial areas of the Baltic Sea the Portuguese Coast and the Spanish Mediterranean.

This paper develops a new procedure for the fracture toughness requirement of materials. A new concept equivalent CTOD concept is introduced on the basis of the Local Approach. The equivalent CTOD is defined by the CTOD of the fracture toughness specimen at which the fracture toughness specimen gives a compatible Weibull stress with the structural component of concern. Numerical analyses in the large scale yielding condition indicate that the equivalent CTOD is much smaller than the CTOD of a wide plate component. This implies that the required fracture toughness which is to be achieved in the fracture toughness test can be relaxed to a large extent compared to the conventional toughness specification. Major factors controlling the equivalent CTOD are the work hardening property of materials and the size and type of a crack assumed in the structure. A high yield-to-tensile ratio and a short/deep crack lead to a low equivalent CTOD. The validity of the equivalent CTOD concept is verified through the transferability analysis of fracture toughness results to the fracture performance evaluation of welded joints.

Coastal erosion is a global problem with enormous economic and social consequences. The aim of this paper is to emphasise the importance of including women and youth in the process of identifying vulnerable coastal characteristics together with elements of the human impact on the coastal environment. In this way the paper aims at increasing the knowledge and skills in young generations and women about Maltas coastal zones. This would generate more awareness towards participation in the conservation of the coast and in tackling its vulnerability issue of coastal erosion hazards.

Joint Intl Conf held in London from the 29-31 October 1986 Papers are The requirements of international conventions relating to maritime safety search and rescue into the next decade The RNLI in the 1980's United Kingdom participation in maritime search and rescue The self propelled hyperbaric lifeboat for the evacuation and life-support of pressurised divers Loads and strength of free fall lifeboats Severe weather trials of a device to improve the probability of successful escape by survival craft The performance of free-fall lifeboats in the context of offshore evacuation systems Investigations on visual recognition of shipwrecked persons The rescue of man overboard casualties form offshore operations Development and use an rigid inflatable fast rescue craft Recording of data for marine accident investigation

The Prince William Sound tanker escort system is described. The complex process is described which is used to determine the needs comply with newly promulgated state and federal regulations and meet public expectations that the system employ the best available technology and be fully capable of carrying out its mission. It is important to note that the oil spill prevention program in Prince William Sound embodies more than escort vessels. Nowhere in the world has so much energy time and money been invested in developing and implementing an oil spill prevention program. Major improvements since 1989 include significant enhancement to the USCG vessel traffic system installation of strategically placed NOAA weather buoys ice scouting speed limits weather limits and perhaps most important safety management plans and bridge team management training programs. Diagrams appear on pages 11 and 12.

Most exploitation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is restricted to "homewater fisheries" but two "distant-water fisheries" are allowed to operate off the west coast of Greenland and in the Norwegian Sea taking salmon from a large number of rivers over a wide geographical area. A "run-reconstruction" model is presented for estimating the historic pre-fishery abundance (PFA) of salmon for countries or regions around the Northeast Atlantic based upon catch data and estimates of non-reporting rates and exploitation rates. These estimates are then used to develop predictive models of PFA on the basis of estimates of the egg deposition derived from the run-reconstruction model and various environmental data. Lastly conclusions are drawn and alternative approaches are suggested.

A statistical method for predicting vibratory hull forces at the early stage of design has been developed based on random model test data. The background and the accuracy of the method are discussed. Results from two other recently developed statistical methods which have been applied to the same data sample are compared. Parameter studies illustrate how the influence of propeller particulars and operational conditions are reflected in the vibratory hull forces. Where possible the results are compared with experimental data. The possible development of a statistical prediction method which might be used to extrapolate the results of model hull-pressure experiments to full-size values is discussed.