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Contents David Wheeler, 'A Cruise to the Mediterranean - The Voyage of Master William Bucknall, 1845' p.5 Richard Larn, 'The Scillies Forgotten Battleship Wreck' p.15 Robert Ridding, 'Ship's Biscuits' p.21 Peter Lacey, 'Bermuda and the Lyme Regis Admiral - Sir George Somers' p.25 Richard Eggleton, 'The Route to Sail Training' p.33 Don Collinson, 'An Unusual Incident' p.44 Captain Guy Crowdon, 'Admiral of the Fleet, Lord Fisher, 1841-1920, Technocrat Extraordinary' p.47 Mike Baker, 'Dutch War and French Peace' p.59 Tony Pawlyn, 'Spudds Twice a Day and Marmalade Every Week, Edward Dotson, 1880-81' p.75 Colin Green, 'Customs! What Customs! Illicit Trading and Skullduggery in the Bristol Channel' p.93 William Skarratt, 'William King - Master Mariner, 1816-1883' p.104 Cyril King, 'Shipbuilding on the Dart - My Apprenticeship Days' p.133 Ninian Stewart, 'Sir Walter Raleigh - Late of Raleigh Green, SW1' p.187 Geoffrey Doye, 'Emigration and Australia in 1840 : The Journey of James Skinner Prout and his Family' p.193 Index of Contents of Previous Journals and Maritime Monographs p.207

There are increasing demands on seaports. The principles of container port terminals are described briefly. Rather than physical expansion terminal performance may be increased and available resources optimised. The operations of a container terminal may be planned automatically via market-based allocation of resources. An overview of related research is presented followed by a suggested approach. This approach uses a MAS (Multi-Agent System) that would offer port or terminal managers a suitable tool to plan coordinate and manage the container terminal domain. The suggested approach uses the MAS to plan and coordinate the processes within the terminal by mapping the objects and resources that are used in the terminal. Conclusions and pointers to future work are finally provided.

The Dolphin AUV is a self-propelled semi-submersible vehicle that operates under but near to the sea surface. As such the hydrodynamic performance of the complete vehicle is affected by the hydrodynamic performance of the mast. The mast has a two-fold purpose: to act as a streamlined fairing for the snorkel for the air-breathing Diesel engine and to support the antenna that is used for communications with the vehicle. The effect of the mast on the hydrodynamic performance of the vehicle is examined. Improvements that might be possible with an alternative mast are shown. The results presented are from captive model towing tank experiments with a half-scale model. They include the effects of leading-edge air ejection and trailing-edge flap. Conclusions and discussions are also presented.

Oil and gas exploration and production is moving into Arctic offshore areas. This means additional challenges for design construction and operation of offshore installations. The international petroleum industry has limited experience with offshore exploration and exploitation of oil and gas in Arctic and cold climate areas. Technology and solutions which are proven in benign waters may have to be reassessed and modified for reliable use in Arctic areas. This paper addresses the challenges regarding material related issues with main focus on steel and the lack of experience and guidelines to safely explore and develop oil and gas in the Arctic regions. The three focus areas addressed in this paper are onshore (onshore pipelines) offshore (including sub-sea) and ice covered areas including landfalls and shallow water seas.

Contents include chapters on: testing and measurement of stresses, strain measuring, impact testing, hardness measurement, chemical composition and microstructure of materials (steel, cast iron, iron and steel castings, non-ferrous metals and alloys), heat treatment, carbon steels, alloy steels, case-hardening steels, bearing metals, inspection of materials, non-metallic materials (timber, fabrics, cement), examples of practical application.

The class of materials used in conventional electrical generation and transmission is comparatively small and comprises, mainly, steels for the stresses components, copper (or aluminium) for conductors and organic compounds or ceramics for insulators. Nuclear generation has significantly widened the range of materials. Reactor cores include the fissile and fertile metals, uranium, plutonium and thorium and their oxides or carbides; core structural materials, magnesium and zirconium; moderators such as graphite; control materials, boron, hafnium and the rare earths; and heat transfer media such as carbon dioxide, helium and sodium. The choice of material depends on a number of properties, some of which are specific to certain applications, while others are common to all. The book considers the requirements for improved quality and understanding of materials and their properties. It applies the principles thus derived to the design, construction and operation of specific items of plant. It deals with materials and items which have raised difficult or particularly interesting problems and describes how these problems have been solved.

A mathematical model is presented which has been developed to understand the eutrophication status in Masan Bay Korea. The model was used to simulate the global growth and decay of phytoplankton. The WASP5 model was used to ascertain the more detailed eutrophication status in space and to investigate phytoplankton-nutrient dynamics. A depth-integrated two-dimensional FDM model was developed to simulate short-term and fine-resolved spatial plankton distribution. A coupled hydrodynamic transport and eutrophication model performed water quality simulation. Transport was determined by a new hybrid method. All submodels operated on the same grid. Results are presented. These were compared with field data from 1995 and show encouraging similarity. Specific suggested future enhancements are detailed.

The MBARI MVP (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute vertical profiler) is presented. MVP is an attempt to combine the high-resolution data of a profiler with the long- term capability of a mooring. It provides data acquisition along the entire mooring line and is less subject to biofouling because of the ability to stay submerged below the euphotic zone. It also provides a reconfigurable system that can accommodate multiple instruments suites and is easily deployed and recovered by divers. The MVP prototype was first tested from a ship in a series of over- the-side tests where it performed successfully to its designed depth (200 m). Next it was deployed on a test mooring (60 m depth) for a period of two weeks. During these initial tests a self-contained profiling CTD along with a miniature fluorometer were used for evaluation of the profiler performance.

Vibration of ship structures and equipment can be a serious problem. Excessive shipboard vibrations can cause structural and machinery failure crew discomfort and fatigue and increased maintenance requirements for shipboard systems. In many cases ship construction specifications require the shipyard to demonstrate 'acceptable' levels of vibration using measurements completed during sea trials. An overview of standards for these measurements is provided together with modern techniques used to collect and analyse the specified vibration data. A brief discussion of the types of vibrations found on ships and their causes is followed by a review of codes guides and standards for vibration measurement. Instrumentation suitable for measurement of each type of vibration response is described and the design of a typical trial measurement system is presented. Techniques for analysing and presenting trial results are reviewed and compared to analysis methods specified by SNAME ISO and NAVSEA. Finally a discussion of potential problems faced by an owner and shipyard in developing and meeting a vibration measurement specification is offered.

Wave height and directional spectra were measured in the open ocean from a subsurface mooring in 1400 meters water depth. Six months of data were recovered successfully at a site south of Australia where high-energy waves (with periods greater than 10 seconds) dominated the spectrum. Non-directional wave height spectra were estimated from measurements of velocities made with an upward-looking ADCP mounted at the top of the mooring. Additional estimates of the non-directional spectrum were obtained from a pressure sensor inside the ADCP and from echo-location of the surface derived from the acoustic backscatter intensities measured by the ADCP. Mooring motion was removed using measurements from a second downward-looking ADCP mounted on the bottom of the float. Wave direction was determined from the velocities measured by the upward-looking ADCP using a variant of single point UVW processing which permitted heading variations to be compensated continuously. It was verified that the resulting horizontal and vertical velocities within the frequency bands containing appreciable wave energy are in quadrature and that their coherence is close to unity. The technique is described and the quality of the resulting wave spectra and moments are assessed.

Two types of probe were used to measure wave induce pore pressure in the sub-marine sand and gravel sediments at a shallow water site in Suruga Bay on the Pacific Coast of central Japan: the equipment including transformer based probe and semiconductor- type piezometer and methodologies are described and results presented with discussion of the damping transfer of wave pressure at the seafloor to the pore pressure. The coefficients of permeability for the porous sediment was determined during forced oscillations in a U-tube apparatus and used to infer resistance to reversing flow.

FEM (finite element method) is a fundamental numerical analysis technique widely used in engineering applications. In this study several examples of FEM analysis on the cyclic deformation behaviours are presented to show the potential of the developed FEM program and an incorporated cyclic plasticity model. Deformation behaviour of metal plate with a notch subjected to cyclic loading is simulated by FEM analysis in which the initial sub-loading surface model is incorporated. Results of the performance of the model are shown through the cyclic fatigue test simulation. The accumulation of strain due to the cyclic loading is simulated and then it is verified that the present model has the capability of describing the increase of the residual strains under the cyclic loading condition. An extended model needs to be incorporated which can correctly estimate cyclic loading behaviour since the present model which obeys only the isotropic hardening rule is likely to overestimate the residual deformations.

Features affecting the qualitative behaviour of marine slopes under wave loading are discussed with the different responses of clays and sands treated separately. Laboratory simulations of wave loading on marine slopes are examined and parameters significant in slope movement identified as soil strength bottom pressure depth of unstable zone and pore-water pressure. Essential factors in the prediction of marine slope performance are considered. A critical review of the methods usually used for predicting the behaviour of a marine slope under cyclic loading compares limit equilibrium (plane failure surface circular failure surface) and finite element techniques (factor of safety potential strain and permanent deformation).

MMC (metal matrix composites) are appealing materials of a new generation due to their unique combination of properties like high specific strength and stiffness high wear resistance high thermal conductivity low thermal expansion coefficient and relatively high temperature resistance. Among various MMCs is discontinuously reinforced aluminum based MMC (Al-MMC). A deep understanding about the interface nature and the relationship between interface reaction and fabrication parameters such as temperature. pressure time is beneficial to eliminating harmful interface reaction and enhancing the properties of MMCs to a great extent. Interfacial reaction may take place if the composites are exposed to high temperature for some time. A hot isostatic pressing process and rotary swaging treatment were used to make aluminum composites reinforced with stainless steel fibre. Static mechanical properties of the composites were tested and the relationship between the volume fraction of fibre and mechanical properties was established. Particular attention was directed to the microstructure of the composites manufactured under different processing conditions. Effects of the process parameters on the properties of the aluminum composites were discussed.

The wall thickness of a steel pipeline is the most relevant parameter affecting the pipe capacity to withstand the loads imposed during installation and under operating conditions as well as a considerable factor impacting on investment costs. This paper discusses the findings of a series of ultra deepwater studies carried out in the framework of Snamprogetti corporate R&D. In particular the pipe sectional capacity required to sustain design loads is analysed in relation to the fabrication technology the line pipe material and the load combination. International design guidelines are analysed in this respect and experimental findings are compared with the ones from the application of proposed limit state equations and from dedicated FE simulations.

A modal parameter estimation algorithm using goal programming a nonlinear optimization technique is presented. Some numerical simulations that reproduce complex practical applications were performed and the results estimated through goal programming algorithm are compared with those estimated through a classical model estimation method - the orthogonal polynomials method. Experimental tests were carried out on a small scale model of fixed offshore platform and the frequency response functions were analysed. The modal assurance coefficient (MAC) matrix was used to correlate experimentally estimated mode shapes and numerical ones.

A simple tri-dimensional finite element elastic model is presented to identify the critical areas and study the stress redistribution promoted by a material removal technique used to recover anchor shackles with superficial defects. A T-N curve recommended for offshore mooring components is used to estimate the fatigue life of recovered shackles through a comparative study. The numerical simulations confirm that the standards in use are conservative. A less conservative criterion based on the maximum equivalent stress is established. Numerical simulations show that this new criterion allows higher amount of material removal in less critical areas. By using this criterion a smaller number of defective shackles would be considered unusable resulting in a reduction of operational costs.

A new analysis method called the structured singular value analysis or mu-analysis which is currently being evaluated by the aerospace industry and its application to the analysis of power systems is described. It allows the worst case stability margin over all defined system parameter uncertainties to be determined and could therefore be used to reduce reliance on time-consuming Monte-Carlo analyses. The analysis framework also provides the possibility of synthesizing controllers whose structure reflects the interaction and cross-coupling within the system. This controller structure can provide real performance and robustness benefits over a conventional one. Application to the static converter and to the synchronous converter are outlined.

Oil spills cause great damage to marine ecosystems. A deterministic model is described that has been developed to simulate the time-dependent behaviour of hypothetical oil spills near coastal regions. The model capabilities are shown by applying the model to two regions of different topography and bathymetry in the framework of impact assessment studies. The model solves a set of partial-differential equations for transient two-phase turbulent flow heat and mass transfer handling various aspects of the physical chemical and biological processes that govern the behaviour of oil slicks at sea. The model also incorporates the influence of breaking waves on oil slicks in terms of oil natural dispersion in the water column and other slick aspects.

The threat of mines is ongoing and is as relevant today as it ever was. The objective of mine hunting is to clear an area of mines prior to a naval (or civilian) fleet transiting through it. The mine-hunting scenario of a surface water platform towing and mutually interacting with its towbody in a manoeuvre with variable cable lengths and altitude keeping to an arbitrary terrain is a realistic yet challenging dynamic situation to model. This paper describes and reports on developments of the SIMRMS (simulating remote minehunting system) modelling tool developed to mitigate RMDS (remote mine hunting disposal system) development risks. This is briefly described together with the new SIMRMS altitude-keeping and variable cable scope capabilities. The validation of these methodologies is described against full-scale sea trials data for challenging scenarios. To date the authors have not seen such modelling capabilities for interactive tow cable systems reported elsewhere in the literature. Future work is identified and concluding remarks are given.