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The key events relating to the development of various integrated monitoring and control systems (IMCS) which were commissioned within the Dutch Navy and led to the introduction of the latest IMCS generation are highlighted. The new IMCS is to be installed on the next generation of Dutch frigates - Air Defence and Command Frigates. The architecture and functionality of this new system is presented.

Recent legal and policy decisions have prompted steps to consider the marine nature conservation requirements of the offshore environment. To address this challenge we have to consider this ecosystem at a variety of scales. The underwater landscapes and habitats of the offshore seabed include seamounts coral reefs methane seeps and many spectacular underwater species. Scientists have both helped us understand the nature of this environment (e.g. at the OSPAR-ICES-EEA habitat classification workshop at Southampton) and the growing impacts (especially from fishing) that are increasingly threatening this environment. The nature of the offshore environment is described together with the variety of research that is being undertaken in the offshore environment. The current action for offshore waters under the EC Habitats and Birds Directives is also considered. The work that is being undertaken on biodiversity in the OSPAR Convention is summarised. The developing framework and the policy initiatives that are being developed under OSPAR the Habitats Directive and Government programmes to realise the conservation challenge are also described.

A class of naval vessels based on surface effect ship (SES) principles is being put into operational service by the Royal Norwegian Navy (RNN). The twin-hull Oksoy and Alta class mine countermeasure (MCM) vessels have been built using an advanced composite sandwich structure. The vessels employ a high-precision dynamic positioning system to maintain planned station or track under adverse weather conditions. An advanced high-resolution mine- hunting and detection sonar means these vessels are a significant advance in mine clearing operations. The analyses which led to the selection of the SES hull concept and MCM systems are described. A description of the subsequent development and detailed design work carried out collaboratively by Kvaerner Mandal and the RNN is also given. The testing phase of the first ship is discussed.

There is increasing emphasis put on the correlation of marine predator behaviour and foraging performance with the bio-physical properties of the ocean environment. In this paper the finest spatial scale is determined at which the agreement peaks between temperatures derived from archival tags attached to a large wide-ranging marine predator the southern elephant seal and remotely sensed sea surface temperature data. A look is taken at materials and methods dealing with data collection and multi-channel sea surface temperature. Next there is analysis including spatial analysis and statistical analysis. This is followed by results covering Time-Depth Recorder (TDR) retrieval TDR-recorded temperatures correlations between TDR and Multi-Channel Sea Surface Temperature (MCSST) temperatures TDR temperature versus MCSST agreement and logistic model selection. Lastly there is discussion.

The field size distribution and API distribution of petroleum fields found in the conventional offshore are compared with those found in deep water and the results discussed. The significant aspects of the sedimentology and geochemistry of petroleum systems which were deposited in deep water environments and which are currently found in deep water are considered. The particularities of depositional systems in deep water and the subsequent thermal history dictates the nature geometry thickness and distribution of reservoirs and to some extent the migration paths available to generation products and the nature of the entrapped hydrocarbons. The influence of the deep water environment on the petroleum system suggests that there is little reason to expect better quality reservoirs or larger volume accumulations in deep water than in shallow water.

Planing craft are high-speed marine vehicles that drive most of their support from hydrodynamic pressures acting on their relatively flat wide bottom surfaces. Porpoising is one of the most common forms of dynamic instability found in planing boats. It is a coupled oscillation in pitch and heave that occurs in relatively calm water. These oscillations can be divergent in amplitude leading to loss of control injury to occupants or damage to craft. The inception of porpoising is influenced by displacement centre of gravity location and various hull characteristics such as deadrise and beam. While the Day and Haag model tests of 1952 were brilliantly executed most users are unaware that the size average beam of the three tiny prismatic hulls was only 3.8 inches. Therefore the Day and Haag tests were recreated using a series of three hard-chined prismatic planing hullforms that were almost five times larger. The tests included hulls with higher deadrise angles more typical of craft now used for high-speed military purposes. Two models of actual full-scale craft complete with performance enhancing features including lifting strakes trim tabs and variable drive angle were tested. These additions were found to have a profound effect upon the conditioX23318

To understand ship stability, it is necessary to consider the various combinations that may arise as a result of weight and buoyancy effects. They are fundamental factors and the object of this book is to consider them purely from practical points of view in relation to weight distribution within a ship and to the buoyant effects of the waters in which the vessel loads or discharges. The book is arranged into 9 sections. The first two sections look at: the position of B M and G and the inclining experiment, the movement of B, M and G, the movement of G with change of weight distribution, the GMG triangle and the fundamental KG formula. Section 3 examines Equilibrium and section 4 deals with the effect of design on stability and curves of metacentres and stability. Section 5 looks at Ballasting. Section 6 covers Longitudinal stability, trim and dry docking. Section 7 examines Free surface effect. Section 8 deals with the entry of water and its effects, loss of displacement and correcting a list. The last section examines the wave effect and rolling.

In August 1997 typhoon Winnie and Amber had threatened Taiwan and caused damage on harbor seawall and breakwater constructions in the northeast part of Taiwan. The waves generated by these typhoons had been collected by the oceanographic observation network which was setup by CWB (Central Weather Bureau) of Republic of China. The oceanographic observation network consists of deep-water stations shallow-water stations as well as shore stations in different regions around Taiwan. Field data including the wave and meteorological elements were observed and merged for analysis. The results of the field observation are reported to provide information for the disaster prevention and coastal engineering applications. The typhoon waves are also hindcasted by numerical wave model (WAM) which is the currently operational model in CWB. The results from model hindcast are compared with the data from field observations.

In this paper the Rayo network is introduced experience from the set-up phase is presented (making special focus on operational aspects) and results from 1998 (the first year when all the buoys were available) are analysed. The Rayo (red de alerta y observacion - alert and observation network) project has been a great innovation in the measuring networks existing in Spain for several reasons: the variety of sensors in every buoy their location in deep water and the real time transmission of the measured data. The main goals of the project are to obtain a complete picture of the Spanish seas useful both for scientific and engineering purposes and to prevent and alert the users with real time information about the ocean.

In the present changing times the Ship Superintendent plays a very important role and the success of the vessel's operation largely depends on the manner in which he manages the affairs of the ship from shore and provides the necessary back up to the Master and the ship's crew. The traditional progression of people into the job of Superintendent is considered together with the skills required to perform the job. The changing demands of the job are also considered together with the importance of grooming these people into this key position. The historical perspective of the role is described. Next some of the important responsibilities are described. The routes into the profession are then considered together with relevant training. Finally changes that have impacted upon the role are described. Finally a list of requirements and qualities of an ideal ship superintendent are listed.

The approach of the revised International Convention on Standards of Training Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW 95) towards the role of simulators in training and assessment and the qualification requirements of those using them for these purposes is presented. The structure of STCW 95 is outlined. The role of simulators in the certification process is reviewed. STCW Convention Regulation 1/12 - Use of simulators - is looked at. STCW Code Section A-1/12 - Part 1 - Performance standards and Part 2 - Other provisions are considered. The qualifications of instructors and assessors using simulators are discussed.

The approach of the revised International Convention on Standards of Training Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW 95) towards the role of simulators in training and assessment and the qualification requirements of those using them for these purposes is presented. The structure of STCW '95 is outlined. The role of simulators in the certification process is reviewed. STCW Convention Regulation 1/12 - use of simulators - is looked at. STCW Code Section A-1/12 - Part 1 - performance standards and Part 2 - other provisions are considered. The qualifications of instructors and assessors using simulators are discussed.

The position of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) with respect to control of waste and pollution at sea is discussed. Environmental Management Plans (EMP) have been developed for ships and the RAN attempts to comply with international anti-pollution legislation including the designation of the Great Barrier Reef region as a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area and the Montreal Protocol on ozone depleting substances. RAN waste disposal policies in the areas of oily waste sewage greywater garbage (including food waste) ballast water ozone depleting substances tributyltin (TBT) oil spill reporting and management and atmospheric emissions are discussed. The RAN Marine Pollution Control Project is concerned with the equipment acquisition retro-fit programme for sewage oily waste garbage and ODS within the Fleet. The Aeronautic and Material Research Laboratory (AMRL) is carrying research into ship hull protection and navy environmental support for RAN. Australian federal government maritime environmental initiatives and developments outside Australia are reviewed.

Conf held 22-23 September 1993 in London UK. Papers are - Structural materials for offshore structures - past present and future Changes to offshore platform design since Piper Alpha The safe design fabrication and operation of offshore pipelines containing defects Defect assessment methodology - application of PD6493 to offshore structures The design fabrication interface in offshore engineering Fabrication of offshore structures and potential productivity increases Blast walls - use of duplex stainless steel The effect of weld overmatching on fractures The use of GRP for offshore fire and blast protection - a number of case histories Fire and safety critical applications of Glass Reinforced Plastics (GRPs) offshore Application of high strength steels in design of fixed offshore structures A review of blast wall systems and requirements Aluminium - an important offshore material Novel applications of structural steel castings in the offshore industry Fulfilling design criteria in welding duplex and super-duplex stainless steel

Extensive research has shown that a diver can in many cases be at least as safe using electricity when he is totally immersed in sea water as a worker would be carrying out the same task on land. There are even a number of circumstances in which the diver is safer than his land-based equivalent. This paper presents the background to these findings and discusses in some detail the experimental work carried out to verify the statements. It also gives explanations and examples of the way in which these safety standards are applied in the underwater industry with particular reference to the offshore oil industry and the `Code of Practice for the Safe Use of Electricity Underwater'.

The purpose of this study is to measure and analyse a ship's indoor thermal conditions and also to compare the seasonal differences of those which are supplied and controlled by marine HVAC. In this study the temperature humidity and air volume of five different types of cabin on a newly launched training ship were measured during coastal cruise in spring summer and winter in Korea. The results are presented. Through this seasonal comparison it is clear that the lower comfort standard range is caused by poor humidity conditions in cabins. So humidifying and dehumidifying onboard ship is important for greater comfort in living and working environments for both crewmembers and guests.

The CCS's (China Classification Society) structural design approach 'Guidelines for small waterplane area twin hull craft' was published in 2005. It includes the latest technical standards for both high-speed and low-speed SWATH with large-scale and state-of-the-art ship structural design techniques. Many new concepts of structural rules based on the load criteria system are also included. New features such as the solution for transverse bending moment which is critical for SWATH and direct calculation practice including the FEM methods for global ship models and local fine mesh as well as hot spot based fatigue evaluation are incorporated. The new features for structural approach in these guidelines are listed and then discussed.

The prediction of a submarine's manoeuvring performance is highly complex but also very important. The current UK MOD approach to submarine manoeuvring safety is briefly outlined. MLD (manoeuvring limitation diagram) is a graphical means of depicting combinations of speed and depth at which the submarine will be able to recover in the event of a flood or hydroplane jam incident. The philosophy behind the MLD is explained. Some of the methods used to gain confidence in the prediction of submarine trajectories that are used to create MLDs are described. The work done to improve the correlation between numerical simulation tools physical model experiments and full-scale submarine trials is investigated. The SRM (submarine research model) is described. Its most recent trials are described and the focus is then on the final phase of these trials investigating split plane stern planes jams. The specific trials and the reasoning behind the requirement to perform them are explained. The results that are presented show that the SRM results obtained are repeatable and valuable in allowing validation of computer simulation manoeuvring codes. The paper includes some 8 pages of graphs photographs and diagrams.

This work explains the basic principles behind the tension leg platform and analyses the physical parameters governing its performance. Suggestions are made for design optimisation and for extending the TLP's depth range. The CONCO TLP which is to be used on HUTTON is described in some detail. The advantages of the TLP are discussed and its special merits for exploiting deep water oilfields are emphasised. An appendix gives the marine riser equations and boundary conditions and outlines methods for numerical solution.

Symp 2 July 1981 S Africa Papers are The task of the Department of Transport in connection with Maritime Personnel Training and its approach to the subject Some thoughts on the training of modern day sailors Training of sea going officers for the fishing industry Training needs of the South African shipbuilding and ship repair industries S A N Training of Engineers The Education of Professional Marine Engineers Marine Engineering in the Mechanical Direction - naval architecture Marine Engineering in the electrical and electronic direction Training of Radio/Electronic officers Present past and future training of marine cadets The education/training of marine engineers for both merchant marine and fishing industries The education/training of navigating officers for both merchant marine and fishing industries The training of navigation officers and masters