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Industrial is ABB's patented concept for linking products and services together with the information needed to run service and maintain them. Open standard software allows production operators and maintenance engineers to effectively access the information needed to make operational decisions. The focus here is on the Industrial protection and information systems associated with electrical power distribution systems. Plant availability can often be determined by the MTTR (mean time to repair failures) combined with the MWT (mean time for maintenance) rather that the MTBF (mean time between failures). Industrial solutions go a long way to reducing these factors. Replacing existing multiple electro-mechanical protection relays with multi-functional bay control and protection computers in medium- and low-voltage switchboards can provide the electrical maintenance engineer access to real time plant asset data at the click of a mouse when used in conjunction with an Aspect Objects architecture so that an early diagnosis of any fault occurring can readily be achieved.

Studies on the phase behaviour and precipitation yield of the PPAA (phosphinopolyacrylate) inhibitor show that they are governed by the same four factors: PPAA and CA++ concentrations pH and temperature. This provides a real basis for discussing the factors which are important to the design and optimisation of precipitation squeeze treatments. Also experimental results are reported which confirm the hypothesis that inhibitor precipitation selectively involves the inhibitor's high Mw fraction. Lastly the results of sandpack floods are presented which inter alia illustrate the degree to which an effective precipitation squeeze can prolong the squeeze lifetime compared to a pure adsorption squeeze.

The story of OWS (oily water separators) on board commercial vessels is long confusing and poorly documented. OWS systems and technology are discussed but the focus is the systems rather than the technology. The problems associated with the design and operation of OWS are discussed. Initial recommendations with regard to OWS system design and operation are provided and areas for further study and investigation are proposed. OWS systems have been standard shipboard equipment for over two decades. However they are just the beginning of many systems that have been and will be installed aboard ships to serve the public rather than the shipowner or crew. Despite numerous (but often disorganised) efforts shipboard bilge water OWS systems fail to produce satisfactory results for owners regulators and crews.

Inland water spills although small in volume are more frequent than ocean oil spills and therefore still cause significant environmental impact on receiving water bodies. An inland spill management study in an industrial city in the Greater Toronto Area in Canada is described. The study began with a compilation of oil spill database. Characteristics of oil spill events were analysed at different spill locations. It was found that human errors and equipment failures were the primary causes of oil spills. GIS (geographic information system) was then used to identify spill prone sewersheds. By overlaying storm drainage systems with spill locations stormwater ponds receiving these spills were identified for retrofit. For storm outfalls which discharge directly into watercourses downstream publicly-owned land was identified for the potential installation of oil-water interceptors.

Transport services play a key role in the world economy transporting products and passengers along the TEN-T (Trans-European Network - Transport). Intermodality is a main element of economic competitiveness and a basic tool for supporting the TEN-T. Combined transport along the main traffic corridors of TEN-T is currently struggling with high external costs including costs of environmental renewal congestion consequences and the refund of traffic accidents charges. Some EU countries have found that innovative approaches to the organisation of inland navigation as one element of the integrated transport systems can help solve these problems including eliminating 'bottlenecks' in transport chains. In order to do this the various modes need to be connected in a co-ordinated fashion using inland waterborne transport and decision-makers need to be focussed on creating cost-effective intermodal chains. An analysis of the promising innovative approaches to the synthesis of intermodal traffic systems including inland navigation is presented.

In spite of the increased technological sophistication of chemical tankers, one major problem seems difficult to solve: the time spent in port remains very long in relation to time spent at sea. This book addresses this problem and shows via two case-studies in the busiest chemical ports in the world, Rotterdam and Houston, the potential for improvements. Tank cleaning and inspection is one time-consuming activity and creates waste water - slops - which has to be disposed of overboard or taken to a treatment facility to be neutralised. There are two ways to solve this problem: reduce the volume of slops or treat the slops on board the chemical tanker.

The spiral model has been the most common way to describe ship design. The task structure is design-evaluate-redesign. This structure patches the architect's original assumption and does not support innovation. An approach is needed that better supports innovation. The design should start from the mission specified for the ship define the functions needed to perform the task and base the different solutions on this system description. There are two types of input data demands that must be followed and preferences that described goals. Dividing the requirements into musts and wants makes it easier to find alternative solutions and find a technically feasible and economically preferable solution. This paper looks at creativity in ship design; ship design methodology; system-based design and finalising the concept design.

Information concerning Dutch pilotage the position of the certified pilot and the independent training institute 'STODEL' is provided. The selection and entire training of apprentice pilots is described. Maintaining the individual high quality of the certified pilot additional training for pilots performing 'Shore Based Pilotage' ('SBP'-pilots) and other types of training offered to certified pilots on a voluntary basis are looked at. The need for pilot-instructors and pilot-tutors from within the organization is considered. Manoeuvring simulator training for certified pilots is discussed. The importance of permanent education for the pilot is outlined.

A brief account of the 50 year history of the Ulstein Bergen (formerly Bergen Diesel) company highlights its role in the development of marine diesel propulsion systems and examines significant features of the current product range including: the K and B families of heavy-duty medium-speed diesel engines designed for high reliability low maintenance and good accessibility with reduced consumption of fuel and lube oil and low emissions; the K-G spark ignited lean burn gas engine; the dual-fuel (diesel-gas) engine; the Ulstein Liaanen CP propeller systems including the AGSC integrated propeller and reduction gearbox and the FOD with front end oil distribution box; and the Ulstein Maritime Electronics propulsion control systems. Typical installations on an offshore vessel and a coastal vessel are described to demonstrate the application of Ulstein Bergen machinery.

Any future naval operations in the littoral environment will pose challenging problems for systems engineering. To solve these problems the US Navy has established a programme to develop and implement relevant sensors engagement assets data links and combat direction and decision devices. The programme known as the Integrated Ship Defence System aims to provide a Quick Reaction Combat Capability (QRCC) that enables a single weapon control station to co-ordinate all weapons. QRCC will integrate existing stand-alone systems which on their own cannot provide complete detection control and engagement capabilities against low-flying high-speed anti-ship cruise missiles (ASCMs). The critical integration and control segment of QRCC is the Ship Self-Defence System (SSDS). Details of a demonstration carried out with SSDS in 1993 are given.

When designing a ship the traditional driving issues are seen to be powering stability strength and sea keeping. Consequently it is only when the broad form of the layout has been finalised that issues relating to crewing ship operators and evolutions such as evacuation tend to be investigated within the overall design constraints. this can result in significant operational inefficiencies and potentially hazardous environments onboard. The overall objective of this UK Engineering and Physical Sciences research Council (EPSRC) funded multidisciplinary research project which commenced in October 2004 is to show the advantages of intergrating the cutting edge technologies of Escape Simulation and Ship Configurational Design. This will enhance the guidance for all parties in the design regulation construction and operation of ships with regard to the main aspects of personnel movement onboard. To achieve this the project draws on the well-established expertise of the University of Greenwich in the area of fire and ecvacuation modelling and of University College London (UCL) in the area of ship architecture design.

Present production operations measure well performance by regular production logging routine production well testing and permanent downhole monitoring systems. In theory this should allow optimum well performance and reservoir management strategies but in practice this is not possible because the data are recovered at intervals and must be manually interfaced with well control. An intelligent completion concept is presented in which a permanent downhole PT&Q gauge system will be developed to include elements of surface control and integration of monitoring and control into existing Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. The concept will allow remote data analysis and control on-line adjustment of production and reservoir performance and comparison with reservoir models to optimise well management production off- take targets.

Many critical types of equipemtn onboard a modern warship rely considerably on supporting fluid systems in order to function effectively. Weapons and sensors for example require the constant provision of chilled water to permit the maintenance of overall operational capability. History has illustrated the vulnerability of these supporting fluid systems to external damage due to their inherent distributed location throughout a platform. To date policy has attempted to mitigate this risk by pre-emptively isolating fluid systems into a number of sub ring mains in order to reduce the impact of any damage to the system. This method is both time consuming and is relatively inflexible at allowing rapid reconfiguration to supply specific equipments required by the command aim. The concept of an intelligent fluid system is to incoporate pressure tranducers and simple controllers to each valve allowing them to make smart decisions about the state of the surrounding system and act accordingly within seconds to maintain the provision of fluid system to essential users.

The application of an intelligent running tool (smart tool) for subsea casing hanger-landing operations is presented. The system provides intelligent feedback of critical parameters while landing and cementing the casing and setting and testing the casing hanger seal assembly subsea. Two-way communication is provided between a technician on the rig floor and a Casing Hanger/Seal Assembly Running Tool (CHSART) in the subsea wellhead. This system reduces the time required to make decisions and diagnostic time required to assess possible problems encountered when landing the casing or setting the seal assembly.

This paper is a follow-up of a previous study on the interaction between upward-breaking conical structures and level ice in a centrifuge. New data was collected from a series of ten ice sheets grown at an inertial acceleration equivalent to 30 times Earth's gravity (30g). A small conical structure was driven against this ice which ranged in thickness from 5 to 20 mm. Interaction velocities between the structure and the ice were 710 40 and 100 mm/s and inertial accelerations were 1 (normal gravity)3060 80 and 12Og. Cones with slopes of 45 60 and 75 deg. with respect to the horizontal were used. A description of ice rubble build-up against the cone is presented. The horizontal and vertical loads are compared with a prediction algorithm taking into account the 3D nature of the ice loads. The influence of displacement rates is also discussed.

Container Industry Analysis; development & future operations design & operation applications; feederships; hatchless ships; reefer ships; very large container ships VLCCs; taking it to the max; ULCCs ultra large containerships; designing to the limit of current and prjected terminal infrastructure capabilities (David Tozer Lloyd's Register); new concepts in high speed container transport; the logistics of fast freight; speed and size debate; containership and cargo safety; analysing incidences of lost or damaged deck-stowed containers; parametric roll; a classification review of improving containership & cargo safety; active risk management for large ships; ship 7 cargo safety debate; propulsion trends in container vessels (focus on ULCCs0; propulsion debate; challeneg to ports and terminals; financing of terminal developments

Conference held 31 March - 1 April in Brighton UK. Papers are: The future military scenario, the common new generation frigate Procurement issues in the RN Merlin Programme, French Floreal type frigates program, A family of future anti-air weapon systems - presentation of the FSAF Programme AGNES 200 French MOD activities, Advanced design concepts for warships Generic military fuel cells, New stainless steels and alloys for shipbuilding, The use of advanced composites in military patrol vessels, Method for studying thermohydrolytic ageing of polymers, Methods for low risk cost effective signature management, Optimised vessel for signature control, Passive acoustic materials and their role in maritime defence, Passive acoustic materials and their role in maritime defence, Condition monitoring of ship hulls, Prediction of ventilation and fire spread in shipboard compartments and machinery spaces, Low frequency heave response of a submerged body in irregular waves, Submarine weapon launching model, US Navy strategy for C3 Technology development, Sensor integration for anti-naval warfare, DRA submarine communications and management study, Signal and Pattern processing, Update on the data fusion technology demonstrator system project and JOTS - An approach to government off-the-shelf software.

This book discusses the design, fabrication and installation of fixed offshore platforms used to drill for and produce petroleum from beneath the sea. It is divided into two parts. Part 1, Chapters 1-12, discusses steel template platforms, a technology that was developed years ahead of that employed in designing and constructing the concrete gravity platforms discussed in Part 2. Contents include chapters on offshore oil operations; platforms, catwalks and heliports; engineering procedures; design loads and forces; pile foundations; computer methods for static and dynamic analyses; tubular joint design and fatigue analysis; fabrication and installation; corrosion; gravity platforms; environmental loads; geotechnical design; structural design; manifold platforms; tower platforms; materials and deck structures.

In Germany the combination of environmentally friendly changed wind energy with aquaculture is seen as an opportunity for multiple uses of natural marine resources. Loads and stresses of 'open ocean' offshore installations depend on wind velocity. For measurements of wind velocity within the field of wind energy conversion the only cost effective device is the cup anemometer. It has a linear relation between number of revolutions and velocity. Questionable is the measuring result if the wind vector is not within the 'measuring plane'. Results of CFD calculations of the flow around an anemometer cup are given. With the force coefficients (lift and drag coefficients) an anemometer in inclined flow is calculated. It is shown that the measured velocity within the measuring plane is higher than the cosine component of velocity.

A study of the current pattern and dispersion of the organic pollutants in the Tahtali Dam near the city of Izmir is presented. The aim is to investigate the current pattern and water exchanges for reservoirs which are complex and geometrically dynamic in space and time. A two-dimensional model is used containing the equations of momentum continuity and dispersion and taking into account shallow water and well mixing features based on the long-term available data such as bathimetry annual average intake load of organic pollutants dominant wind directions per season and average wind velocities. The methodology is described conclusions are drawn and proposals are made.