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The bathymetry and currents in a 4km radius area of the Dee Estuary in Liverpool Bay have been mapped using a wave inversion of marine radar data without needing any prior bathymetric data. The radar is mounted 30m above sea level on an island in the estuary and 10 minute sequences of radar images of the sea surface are recorded automatically each hour giving 360 degree coverage of the area. Several such records taken around high tide during a moderate wave event have been processed to produce the map using a wave inversion accounting for currents frequency and amplitude dispersion. The results are compared to a combined LiDAR and Multibeam echo sounder survey conducted in 2003 clearly identifying migrating sand banks within the estuary. This technique's benefit lies in its ability to map large areas of bathymetrically complex shallow coastal waters quickly remotely and under storm conditions with vertical accuracies normally better than +/-1m of survey data.

The National Science Foundation’s Advanced Technological Education (ATE) program is showing their commitment to improving the education of people who work in and are interested in ocean-related occupations through their award to the Marine Advanced Technology Education (MATE) Center which is located at Monterey Peninsula College in Monterey California. The MATE Center is a partnership of organizations and individuals concerned with the broad field of marine science and technology and the education of people to work in that field. The MATE Center has embarked on a national mission to improve technology education aimed at serving businesses and workers in marine related fields. A look is taken at the work of the MATE Center.

The review presented covers the cold gas refrigerator (CGR) operating on the Stirling cycle describing the schematic cycle rhombic drive mechanism refrigeration capacity power requirements CGR cross- section adjustment and control of the refrigeration capacity the reliquefaction of boil-off from liquid gas cargoes a basic scheme of a CGR reliquefaction plant and plants for ethylene carriers. Production of inert gas by separation of nitrogen from air of liquid oxygen by air separation and of liquid gas for supply to refrigerated containers are outlined with schemes of the liquid gas plants given and plant capacity considered. Production of liquid gas for cryogenic shock-freezing of valuable fishery products eg. shell fish the cryogenic freezing tunnel and freezing capacity of single cylinder Werkspoor CGR liquid air plant are discussed.

In addition to changes in engine design and operation there is increasing pressure to reduce exhaust emissions. Fuels with less sulphur reduce sulphur-oxide emissions and a growing number of countries are in favour of using such fuels especially in their national waters. Commercial cylinder lubricants of 70 BN were tested under extremely low feed rate conditions in a laboratory crosshead diesel engine. The results show remarkable differences in performance. Low feed rate testing further showed promising performance of new chemistry. Engine tests carried out on cylinder oils with a base number of 40 showed that formulating of these cylinder oils is not straightforward. Marine market analysis shows that marine lube oil volumes are still growing. This is also true for cylinder oils despite the trend to lower feed rates. The market share of lower base number cylinder oils although increasing is still very low.

Training programmes offered by the Merchant Marine Institute Constantza and leading to dual qualified marine engineers and officers are outlined with particular reference to the application of dynamic real-time computer simulation training. Features of the PC-network based system in-development for marine engine and engine room training are described with details of the programs and integration routines available (EnSel EnSim DECPROS CAPA). The formation of an on-board data bank for the propulsion system is also considered.

The dumping of waste material into the sea is now strictly controlled by law. However involuntary or accidental pollution requires more than law to achieve effective protection of the marine environment. Severe weather conditions has given the coastal waters of South Africa a reputation of being dangerous and unfriendly and over 200 salvage operations were undertaken in the past two decades. In the 70s the South African government awarded a contract where two powerful tugs and 5 pollution prevention/abatement vessels were placed on standby and the anti-pollution capabilities were further enhanced in 1985 with the use of an aircraft. France implemented a similar operation following the Amoco Cadiz and also UK Holland and Germany.

Initial feasibility studies undertaken by Environment & Resource Technology Ltd (ERT) on behalf of the Marine Safety Agency (MSA) highlighted the possibility of using active tagging systems to track those responsible for illegal operational discharges of oil. Two tagging systems are tested: DNA fragments bound to microbeads - Cypher Mark and non-radioactive isotopes (Isotag) with molecular binding pairs (Biocode). Trials methodology is described. Targeting of the tagging system is discussed in terms of tagging of oil cargoes versus tagging of oily residues and tagging of bunker versus tagging of oily wastes from bilges. Administrative and legislative issues are discussed.

In 2005 the local maritime engineering sector witnessed a boom year and major ship repair yards were planning for their future with optimism. Lately plans for a 2.3 billion RMB ship repair base construction project have gone public which is to be sited on the Island of Mazhou in Shenzhen China. This will be the biggest maritime supporting centre in the Pearl River Delta region. There are signs that new initiatives are being implemented by the authority so that this sector's manpower needs could be satisfied in Hong Kong. However the mismatch between manpower demand for skill sets and the average age of work force in this sector could pose a threat to the long-awaited upturn for maritime engineering. Meanwhile Hong Kong is moving ahead with the preparations of an occupational standards and qualifications system for all sectors.

Int conf held in Wellington New Zealand on 6-7 Nov 1989 Papers are Marine technology - growth or despair? The development of packaging storing and transportation systems for refrigerated produce from New Zealand during the past 100 years Classification society certificates their function and effect Adapting to change Application of integrated logisitic support Quality assurance and the NZ ship repair industry Reduction method of propeller shaft vibration of ships International maritime regulations - participation and enforcement The reduction of ship motions - a historical overview Logistic support for the Royal New Zealand Navy Automatic testing in the RNZN and RAN Quality assurance and motivational matters in the New Zealand shipping industry Preliminary design of trawlers using a compromise design support problem technique A change in management to manage change Gearing up the New Zealand industry to meet the challenge of the Anzac frigate programme Schilling rudder systems

Implementation of the S2C (sweep-spread carrier) signal in underwater telemetry provides an opportunity to get rid of the use of equalising filters in the S2C-receiver for elimination of signal distortions. Matched filter is considered to be the simplest and simultaneously the most effective solution for recovery of receiving S2C signals. However for matched filtering of S2C signals there is no theory that provide an evaluation of errors which appear on filter output. The phase (the information parameter) is very sensitive to estimation errors. Thus before implementation of matched filters an accurate mathematical justification of the filtering must be carried out. In contrast to frequency-constant carrier an anti-derivative of the frequency-modulated oscillation cannot be described via elementary functions and correspondingly an integral of such oscillation function cannot be found in analytical way.

The emission characteristics and chemical aspects of PM (particulate matter) from four-stroke marine diesel engines are measured to clarify the basic features of PM. In addition the effect of fuel ignition timing is investigated using a timing-variable fuel-injection system. Higher emissions are shown with lower engine loads and emissions are shown to be minimised at 75% engine load. As engine load is increased the SOF (soluble organic fraction)-PM ratio lowers but the content of soot and sulphate in PM is increased. The effect of fuel ignition timing on PM emission characteristics is then investigated using a timing variable fuel injection system. PM is minimised at 8 degrees after TDC while the fuel ignition timing varies from 0-10 degrees after TDC. It is concluded that optimisation of fuel ignition timing corresponding to engine load has a more significant effect upon the reduction of the PM emission rate than fixed timing.

The measurement of Break Away Yield Stress (BAYS) is discussed and details of the required equipment are provided. BAYS measurements have been made on waxy crude oil from the South China Sea to help develop design specifications for a HZ production system. The results indicated that if an interruption in production allowed the crude oil to cool to seabed temperature the restart pressure would exceed the pressure rating of the planned pipeline. A special field design was therefore required in which the rig cement pumps are connected to the pipeline to allow the pipe to be flushed with water either before or after a shut-in.

The influence of local wind and air pressure on the observed sea level anomalies of Tikkavanipalem village central east coast of India is addressed. Sea level and meteorological measurements were taken and these showed that the sea level along this coast contained contributions from several classes of motions principally tidal motions and set-up or set-down motions that are induced by local and remote meteorological forcings. The sea level residue in this region is particularly influenced by the local wind pattern and air pressure variations. The observed response of the sea level to the barometric pressure was generally larger than the ideal. The modulations in the daily-mean sea level in this region are attributable to meteorological forcing together with the influences of local bathymetry water circulation and remotely generated and coastally trapped low-frequency edge waves. The studies presented show the importance of making sea level measurement together with meteorological measurements from as close to the seacoast as possible for a better interpretation and understanding of the local sea level anomalies in the coastal waters.

This book has been specially written to assist the craft apprentice to reach the standard required for the new course in Mechanical Engineering Craft Practice introduced by the City and Guilds of London Institute. The contents include comprehensive chapters on the use of hand tools and bench operations, precision measurement, sheet-metal working, and drawing-office practice. There are also chapters describing the construction and operation of the principal types of machine tools. Calculations, mainly involving trigonometry, are introduced into each section with sufficient science to cover the Related Studies required to supplement the practical work of the course. Contents include: Bench tools and related equipment; Measuring tools; Engineering drawing; Metals and Alloys; Cutting tools; Sheet-metal work; Drilling and Boring machines; Lathe work; Milling operations; Reciprocating machine tools; Grinding operations; Bearings and guiding surfaces; Operation planning.

This book explains the concepts and mathematics of reliability theory, and relates them to real-life unreliability and failures. It emphasizes the importance of distributed phenomena, for, until it is understood that material properties and the duties imposed on equipment are distributed phenomena, it is not possible to start to understand why parts and equipment fail in the ways they do fail. It shows that a failure pattern of a piece of equipment can give valuable clues as to the cause of a problem. Of the total of sixteen, chapter 1, 6, 13 and 15 are of special importance because they state the meaning of reliability (1), what mathematical treatment is the most universally useful (6), what to do to make the best use of the equipment you have (13), and how to examine the system to see if its design allows it to be inherently reliable

The high risks and costs associated with producing oil and gas in offshore and deep-well environments demand simplified completion solutions. To meet these demands multilateral technology is moving towards simpler yet highly functional completion systems. The paradigm shift that has occurred within the industry regarding multilateral technology is examined and the evolution and application of today's pre- engineered TAML Level 6 and 6+ systems is traced. The next generation plans are discussed including intelligent multilateral wells. This paper explains and illustrates how pre-engineered Level 6 multilateral systems by definition uniquely embrace simplicity while providing optimal functionality. Field examples from 14 Level 6+ installations throughout the world are used to illustrate installation procedures operational issues and resulting efficiencies economies and opportunities to further improve the technologies. Diagrams appear on pages 7 to 12.

Since August 1997 the DPA has been assessing the advantages and disadvantages of the trimaran hullform for meeting the requirements of the FSC (future surface combatant). As the project has progressed so have the requirements leading to comprehensive studies of indicative designs for equivalent monohull and trimaran vessels. This has enabled an analysis of the relative benefits of both types of vessel with a range of payloads differing speeds requirements durance requirements and layout priorities. Comparisons have been made in propulsive efficiency structural weight survivability operability manoeuvring Whole Life Cost and flexibility of arrangement. Some of the key merits of each hullform are extracted concentrating on the issues surrounding the design

The maintenance of the ship's propulsion system is conceived from the maintenance plan based on the information given by the producers. The maintenance concept by time is not the most efficient way of maintenance. A series of unplanned (accidental) failures of the propulsion system which happen during operation proves that it is necessary to combine some other maintenance approaches. The most reliable method for designing maintenance is inspecting the condition of the proper equipment during operation and this is achieved by registering the failures their causes and the conditions under which they happen. A method is presented for the adjustment and design of the ship propulsion system maintenance concept MA-CAD (maintenance concept adjustment and design) which provides the required level of security and the lowest costs in the life cycle. The method begins from an installed component to the risk analysis namely from the failure mode to the maintenance concept. Equipment identification is carried out through functional decomposition. The ship decomposed into units and further to the level of installed components that are classified as the type item of a component.

An attempt is made to look into the effect on diffusion of the pathway left by a projectile and any other deformations induced by the emplacing of a hot projectile within the seabed sediment. The study is split into three experimental areas: (1) determining diffusion coefficients for the migration of a conservative ionic species through sediment samples containing the deformations and held under the effective stress experienced at 30 m beneath the seabed; (2) autoradiography of similar but unstressed samples using both conservative and non-conservative radioactive species; and (3) scanning electron microscopy of projectile pathways produced during accelerated physical modelling of the emplacement technique. A brief description is given of the approaches used in the first two experimental areas and the implications of the results are discussed in terms of predicted breakthrough times at the sediment surface.

There is growing evidence that the raw outlines of the migratory behaviour of populations are governed by endogenous programmes telling the individual bird when to leave how long to move and which direction to take. Present opinions are reviewed on: (1) endogenous spatio-temporal programmes governing the general course of migration; (2) long- and short-term modifications to such programmes by environmental conditions; and (3) expected directional behaviour to optimise energy time risk or orientation. Observed deviations of nocturnal migration from expected directions in Europe in the area of the Alps and in the western Mediterranean are discussed with respect to the introductory background information.