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When the ferry Estonia sank in the Baltic Sea in September 1995 with the loss of 850 lives the Swedish Government decided the wreck should be buried to ensure its peace as a grave site. First however 418 tons of oil had to be removed from the vessel to avoid the risk of future pollution. The oil removal operation which was carried out using remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) is described.

This Silver Jubilee report contains a number of activities carried out by ROPME and MEMAC, and are related to three main aspects: the practical aspect which include oil spill combating operations, seashore cleaning-up operations, human life rescue, damaged ship salvage, salvage of the wreck; the theoretical aspect which includes seminars, symposiums, and courses; and the training aspect which includes training courses and workshops.

The mariner's chronicle, or, Authentic and complete history of popular shipwrecks : recording of the most remarkable disasters which have happened on the ocean to people of all nations. Particularly the adventures and sufferings of British seamen by wreck, fire, famine and other calamities incident to a life of maritime enterprises / [edited] by Archibald Duncan Esq Originally published 1811

A detailed report of the methodology and findings of the Titanic 96 Expedition in which the combined and varied skills of naval architects marine engineers materials engineers biologists and historians were applied to the study of the wreck and the historical record of the disaster in order to reconstruct events leading up to the collision and sinking: the findings are discussed in detail and a time line analysis of the ship's sinking presented.

The role of the salvage industry is described. Dealings with ships laden with dangerous chemicals and crude oil are considered. New solutions to enhance performance of salvage and pollution prevention capabilities are being developed. Innovations include fire fighting materials polystyrene foam to increase buoyancy and new techniques for cutting patching and pumping. Deep water recovery of solid cargoes and wreck removal are also considered.

This is the third of four volumes in Dock and Harbour Engineering. This volume covers roads, railways and bridges (namely dock roads, dock railways and bridges); transit sheds, warehouses and other buildings (including storage accommodation for grain, cold stores, and marine passenger terminals); working equipment (power supply and distribution, graving dock pumps, refrigeration plant, dock and quayside lighting, dredges and dredging); operating plant (cargo handling, cargo-handling appliances, dock locomotives); bulk handling plant (bulk grain discharging plant, coal and ore handling, oil handling and timber handling); and auxiliary services and appliances (including wreck-raising and salvage plant, diving appliances, equipment for underwater work, radar in ports and harbours, fresh water supply, fire prevention and fire-fighting appliances, port welfare, and control of oil pollution).

This paper presents experimental results of applying two methods to help mitigate the seabed clutter problem by spatially isolating significant reverberant features in situ. The first method is a "clutter mapping" technique applied to broadband (400 to 2500 Hz) acoustic data collected in the vicinity of the Stanton Banks off Scotland during the T-MAST 02 experiment and the second method is the use of a cardioid receiver array on the Malta Plateau off Sicily during the Boundary 2004 experiment. It is shown that while there are a number of correspondences between strong clutter events and the leading edges of known bathymetric features there are also a number of clutter returns with no obvious corresponding bathymetric relief. The implications are that relying on archival bathymetric (and wreck) databases will in general be insufficient and that in-situ reverberation assessments need to be conducted that yield not just the mean (intensity) characteristics but also the statistics.

Contents David Wheeler, 'A Cruise to the Mediterranean - The Voyage of Master William Bucknall, 1845' p.5 Richard Larn, 'The Scillies Forgotten Battleship Wreck' p.15 Robert Ridding, 'Ship's Biscuits' p.21 Peter Lacey, 'Bermuda and the Lyme Regis Admiral - Sir George Somers' p.25 Richard Eggleton, 'The Route to Sail Training' p.33 Don Collinson, 'An Unusual Incident' p.44 Captain Guy Crowdon, 'Admiral of the Fleet, Lord Fisher, 1841-1920, Technocrat Extraordinary' p.47 Mike Baker, 'Dutch War and French Peace' p.59 Tony Pawlyn, 'Spudds Twice a Day and Marmalade Every Week, Edward Dotson, 1880-81' p.75 Colin Green, 'Customs! What Customs! Illicit Trading and Skullduggery in the Bristol Channel' p.93 William Skarratt, 'William King - Master Mariner, 1816-1883' p.104 Cyril King, 'Shipbuilding on the Dart - My Apprenticeship Days' p.133 Ninian Stewart, 'Sir Walter Raleigh - Late of Raleigh Green, SW1' p.187 Geoffrey Doye, 'Emigration and Australia in 1840 : The Journey of James Skinner Prout and his Family' p.193 Index of Contents of Previous Journals and Maritime Monographs p.207

Shipwrecks in deep water are often found by their surface expressions such as exposed ceramic containers. Fully investigating or excavating those sites requires understanding of what is buried beneath including organic materials and the remains of ship structure. The archaeological and technical justification is laid out for a high-frequency narrow-beam sub-bottom profiler. An ultrasonic device is described which is built to image local areas of the seafloor beneath the mud. Finally a data set is presented which was collected with the instrument operating on the ROV JASON over an 8th-century BC shipwreck found off the coast of Israel. Precise sub-bottom imagery helps characterise a site before excavation and enables a 3D computer model of a buried structure to be built with acoustic techniques without ever disturbing a wreck. Diagrams appear on pages 6 to 9.

This book tells the story of salvage at sea, a controversial aspect of shipping history which centres round Smit International, the world’s leading towing and salvage company. Smit’s first began towing in the age of steam, when they developed a 140 hp wooden paddle tug to ply the inland waterways of the Dutch coast. Today, in response to the technological challenge, their giant tugs handle supertankers and North Sea oil equipment. In this book the author intersperses the historical narrative with riveting accounts of actual operations of salvage and rescue at sea, illustrating the procedural niceties of salvage contracts, or the technical complications of getting close to a wreck where, for instance, the detached bow section is dangerously adrift. Equally compelling are descriptions of Smit’s role in clearing the Suez Canal, and the problems involved in North Sea installation.

The deep-sea freezer stern trawler GAUL was lost with all hands in 1974. This resulted in one of the most extensive investigations ever into the loss of a vessel. The investigations included a Formal Inquiry held in 1974 with extensive model tests which were reported to the Inquiry. The result was the OFI was unable to identify one specific cause of loss but came to the conclusion that the vessel capsized and foundered due to being overwhelmed by a succession of heavy seas. In 1997 the wreck of the Gaul was re-discovered by a TV team. This led to a ROV survey by MAIB in 1998 and a subsequent detailed ROV survey in 2002. Discoveries led to a further model test programme and a multi-disciplinary team of experts preparing a joint report for the RFI (Re-opened Formal Inquiry) held in 2003. The investigations are described and conclusions on the likely cause of loss and the implications for fishing vessel safety are discussed. The key naval architectural issues arising from the RFI investigations are summarised including matters such as design for operation and appreciation by fishermen of factors affecting stability and watertight integrity. Other similar cases are examined and conclusions are listed.

Advanced technology has opened up the world of treasure salvage. Proper research can enable a focused search which cuts dramatically the cost of finding sunken treasure. However the salvor must still plan all technical and legal aspects of his operation. The development of the law in the United States in resolving conflicts over treasure is considered. Under the American Law of Finds abandonment by the original owner must be proved before a salvor can be declared the finder. If ownership is contested the matter must be litigated. Under the Law of Salvage however a salvor does not have title to the property but is entitled to an award. If the property is in international waters a claim may be disputed by another making a claim in a court of a different nation. If in US waters he may face difficulties from the Abandoned Shipwreck Act of 1987. Such eventualities should be fully considered before large amounts of money are invested in a treasure recovery operation. Often such considerations provide more of an obstacle to a salvor than the depth of the water or the position of the wreck.

The assessment was carried out in order to establish what further work would be needed to make a judgement about the cause of the loss of the Derbyshire the cost of the various options and the benefits to ship safety involved. The only work which can be done at present involves a further more extensive but final examination of the site of the wreck of the Derbyshire. The cost of such an examination will be large but fully justified in the light of the potential benefits to ship safety.

This book offers accounts of recent salvage operations, including Torrey Canyon and the rig Orion. With both the professional and the informed “layman” in mind, the author has made his selection carefully to highlight the many unique facets of the subject, at the same time striking a useful balance between descriptive text and technical data. Contents include: The principle of marine salvage The salvage company Wartime salvage tug The lame duck to the rescue The salvage of the m.v. Nyon The salvage of the Olympic Thunder The stranding and salvage of the Esso Deutschland at Marsa el Brega, Libya The stranding and refloating of the Esso Peru The grounding and salvage of the Santa Kyriaki The salvage of the Italian tanker Mare Nostrum The salvage of the Bretagne The grounding and salvage o the President Garcia The Torrey Canyon Fire and salvage in the North Atlantic – Etnefjell The stranding and salvage of the Elwood Mead Terushima Maru – port wreck removal The dredger Mistral in trouble The Amagi Maru on Helen Mar Reef Oil rig Orion in trouble off Guernsey Salvage and the world of tomorrow

1st Intl Conf held on 22-24 March 1988 at University of Manchester Papers are Towards a more professional demolition and dismantling industry Platform removal choices and uncerrtainties Platform removal; a case study - methods and costs Platform abandonment offshore experiences and offshore lessons Risk assessment of platform removal operations Technical and marine requirements for the complete removal of a mid-North Sea platform structure Removal of subsea pipelings - a case study Abrasive water jets for controlled demolition and dismantling Use of the entrained abrasive water jet cutting system in the removal of offshore structures Removal of jack-up and other gravity platforms offshore Decommissioning of offshore structures A vessel to carry out platform topsides removal The wreck removal operation of the M.T. "Betelgeuse" Removal of concrete gravity platforms from the North Sea The dismantling of Esso refinery on Milford Haven Explosive cutting techniques for offshore application Safety in demolition work Asbestos in demolition; legislations and practice

Conf held in San Diego Sept 22 - 25 1975 Papers include The economics of solar sea power plants Anti fouling marine concrete Development of deep ocean work system Metals joining in the deep ocean The salvage of the Litton launching platform Underwater explosive cutting in ship salvage Wreck clearance in the Suez Canal Large object salvage system A new concept in design for a vessel to conduct marine research within the coastal zone History design criteria and construction of a high powered intermediate sized oceanographic ship Oceanographic research ship capabilities in ice Shipboard berthing - Athwartship and longitudinal The United States oceanographic research fleet - a perspective The use of semisubmerged ships for oceanic research Concrete structures for 2000m depth Drilling rig anchor release system - a new concept for hostile weather mooring operations Floating breakwaters - an idea whose time has returned Problems in underwater inspection of North Sea structures The technology transfer process - the case of the LNG tanker Computer mission simulation for parametric design of undersea vehicles Design and operation of two remotely manned undersea vehicles Electrical design considerations in modern commercial submersibles Navigation system used by submersibles in famous projects Search and rescue for submersibles - whats new?

This book presents stories of the recovery of sunken ships and deals with the technically complex craft of deep-sea salvage. Part One includes a short history of the subject, a description of the latest salvage methods and equipment, and some account of the techniques used to locate and mark a wreck on the ocean floor – a far trickier business than the layman might suppose. In Part Two the author describes eleven different typical operations in detail – including the Spanish Armada searches in Tobermory Bay, the raising of the scuttled German Fleet at Scapa Flow, the recovery of £2 million gold cargo from the Niagara in 1941, three deep-sea crashed aircraft recoveries (two British and one American), and two US naval submarine operations in mid-Atlantic (Thresher and Scorpion). Photos and sketches support the narratives as required, and each of these operations presents different points of absorbing technical interest.

Wessex Archaeology (WA) produces a variety of digital products as part of the archaeological assessment process. Currently the value of these archaeologically-generated datasets is being lost to the wider marine community because while it is 'available' it is not readily accessible. Additional Military Layers (AML) is a product created by the UK Hydrographic Office (UKHO) and consists of a range of digital geospatial data products which are made available to the UK and other members of NATO defence community. This project examined how to enable easy enhancement of AML datasets on the basis of archaeological investigations that have taken place. The project assessed the interoperability between AML and archaeologically-derived interpretations of seabed features. This paper focuses on the integration of heritage data and the AML product and how heritage data can further inform the UKHO about wreck sites.

The concept and requirement of controllable deep water grab systems are introduced with discussion of the GRAB 3000 System developed by Blue Water Recoveries for use in salvage of cargo from the 2.600m SS John Barry wreck: operational experience is reviewed and limitations of the design identified. Subsequent development of the GRAB 6000 System is described with details of: the main requirements notably a 6.000m working depth; overall concept; the Grab; the subsea control module (power plant); the video camera lighting and sensor suite; the surface control system; the deployment system; and the bulk recovery system. Initial applications utilising GRAB 6000 as a deep lift salvage tool are noted and its potential for future development into a wider range of tasks considered.

This book tells the story of salvage at sea, a controversial aspect of shipping history which centres round Smit International, the world’s leading towing and salvage company. Smit’s first began towing in the age of steam, when they developed a 140 hp wooden paddle tug to ply the inland waterways of the Dutch coast. Today, in response to the technological challenge, their giant tugs handle supertankers and North Sea oil equipment. In this book the author intersperses the historical narrative with riveting accounts of actual operations of salvage and rescue at sea, illustrating the procedural niceties of salvage contracts, or the technical complications of getting close to a wreck where, for instance, the detached bow section is dangerously adrift. Equally compelling are descriptions of Smit’s role in clearing the Suez Canal, and the problems involved in North Sea installation.