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Smit Tak contracted to remove the grounded and severely damaged Panamax bulker Sea Transporter from environmentally sensitive Indian coastal waters have propo a three part operation dependant on a substantial fully resourced salvage fleet plan is briefly explained.

This edition is divided into two volumes and a supplement, published in 1989. The primary intention when writing this book was to compile an up-to-date general handbook covering most facets of practical present-day casualty salvage and wreck removal work. Volume One covers the following chapters: Introduction to the types of commercial salvage services; The business of marine salvage; The legal and contractural aspects of salvage; The legal conventions governing salvage; Casualty surveys and investigations; salvage documentation and records; Safety in salvage work; Tides, currents and coastal waves; Portable salvage equipment; Properties and strengths of salvage materials; Stability and hydrostatics; Working with divers; Patching and diving work; Damage control procedures; Pumps and pumping work; Induced buoyancy techniques; rigging in salvage work; Anchors, chains and moorings. Volume two covers: Stranding; Stranding calculations; The use of ground tackle; The salvor and cargo; Helicopters and aircraft in salvage work; Tanker salvage operations; Tanker salvage equipment; Oil pollution control; Gas, LNG, and chemical carriers; Firefighting; Explosives in salvage work; Wreck removal operations; Wreck removal methods; Harbour clearance operations and special wreck removals; Special object location and recovery operations; Salvage towing; Salvage towing equipment; Casualty salvage during military hostilities; The salvage vessel; Conversion tables for salvage use; Bibliography; General index.

This reports presents details of the accident involving the motor tanker Betelgeuse, which caught fire and exploded when laid alongside the Northern berth o the Gulf Oil Terminal at Bantry Bay, Ireland. The incident cost the lives of 50 people.

Some of the developments and changes which have affected wreck removal operations in recent years is discussed and how the standard wreck removal contracts Wreckfixed Wreckstage and Wreckhire have been modified in response. An overview of the wreck removal industry is given.

An overview of strategies developed for locating and studying wrecked ships includes brief details of pre-operations research hydroacoustic search and extended range SCUBA diving using mixed gases: the preparation and content of final reports is considered. The potential application of these techniques to environmental research is mentioned.

Technology used in the systematic archaeological survey of the wreck of the Russian Naval vessel Jedinorog (Unicorn) which sank off the Norwegian coast on 16 November 1760 is described in particular the computer-based survey system VETIS (Vehicle Tracking and Information System) which was developed especially for the project in order to track the positions of the working research vessel and the ROV search vehicle display them in real time on digital maps of the area (from the GIS) and log them in a database together with other relevant information for replay as required. Experience in the use of VETIS to manage the wreck survey collect and store information and document the findings is considered.

This book contains a series of articles looking at sea diving, wreck diving, amateur divers, personal diving recollections and experiences, sea pollution and the effects on diving, the wreck of the Mulberry, underwater geology and archaeology, underwater technology including cameras, underwater scenery and the future of diving.

There a number of issues to be considered before the Salvor contracts to dispose of a casualty or wreck by dumping at sea. Whilst the disposal of a wreck or vessel by dumping at sea may not be a very common occurrence for a Salvor it is important to appreciate the issues so as to avoid potential liabilities. The jurisdiction of maritime zones and the international conventions that affect disposal at sea by dumping including the London Convention of 1972 the Basel Convention of 1989 and the HNS Convention of 1996 are considered.

The International Transport Workers' Federation funded a successful search for the wreck of the MV Derbyshire in June 1994. A formal assessment of the video and sonar evidence gives rise to the expectation that the cause of the loss may be determined by re-visiting the wreck. The findings of the initial search and the thirteen safety case analyses are presented and ideas for the final survey are outlined.

A brief resume (barely half a page) is given which outlines the paper presented at conference. In October 2000 a comprehensive exploration of the INS DAKAR an Israeli Submarine lost in 1968 was conducted. The results of extensive imaging and both physical and chemical sampling were presented. It was hoped to determine the reasons for the loss of both the ship and crew and to investigate the prospect of more extensive recovery efforts at a future date. This project represented a baseline program in the developing field of wreck investigation using a scientific approach and is being used by Nauticos Corporation to further develop specialised tools for improved investigation into deepwater ship losses.

A brief account of the technical development of underwater television preceeds a discussion of present and proposed applications in wreck location ship and harbour survey and ship and cargo salvage. Details of equipment installed on HMS Reclaim and used to identify and examine the wreck of HMS Affray are included.

Significant features of regular deep ocean investigations and operations carried out by international teams on the wreck of the Soviet nuclear submarine Komsomolets (which sank in the Norwegian Sea as a result of onboard fire in 1989) and on the wreck of the Japanese naval submarine I-52 (which sank in Mid-Atlantic as a result of torpedo attack in 1944) are reported with particular attention to the utilisation of the MIR-1 and MIR-2 submersibles (operating from the RV Akademik Mstislav Keldysh) to observe monitor and record the wrecks their debris fields and surrounding environment and to carry out stabilising repairs as deemed necessary.

No other ship or maritime tragedy holds more fascination than the Titanic - and a century after she sank beneath the chill, starlit North Atlantic waters on her maiden voyage, carrying a wide mix of passengers, from the social, artistic and financial elite of two continents to the humblest emigrants on their way to America, the story continues to enthral people of all ages and cultures.Two of the world's foremost authorities present this popular account of the sea s best-known disaster, expertly summarisizing the ship's brief but glamorous life, from building and launching in Belfast, to the discovery of her remains more than two miles down on the ocean bed, and the subsequent artefact recovery dives and courtroom efforts to protect the wreck. Their own photographic dives to the wreck site feature in this updated third edition of their best-selling paperback, together with a wealth of fascinating new information about the ship and her people, past and present.

The USS Mississinewa a World War 2 Navy oiler was sunk by a Japanese manned suicide torpedo or 'kaiten' in 1944 while anchored in the lagoon at Ulithi Atoll 360 miles southwest of Guam. At the time of sinking the Mississinewa was carrying a full load of NSFO (Navy Special Fuel Oil) gasoline and diesel fuel. The actual location of the wreck was uncertain until April 2001 when divers from the San Francisco Bay Area located and dived on the wreck. In August 2001 the Yap government received a report of an oil spill in Ulithi Lagoon. Surveys by government officials dispatched to the site confirmed that the oil was leaking from the Mississinewa. A recent storm may have been a factor in the start of the leak. A State of Emergency was declared for the spill site. The USCG and NOAA sent a team to assess the impacts of the spill and the need for shoreline cleanup. In a mission a NAVSEA team dived on the site quantified the leak rate and were able to complete a quick plug of the leak site during the survey. In December 2001 the vessel started to leak again. The US Navy sent a second team in February 2002

The problems associated with offshore and towage contracts are presented. Potential hazards are also addressed such as the Oil Protection Act 1990 (OPA 90). A brief statistical summary of the number and nationality of tugs entered is included. P & I insurers cannot cover for loss of or damage to wreck removal of the towed vessel or its cargo. There are areas of the world where there are no towage contracts and the tug is exposed to liability for damage caused to the tow. Jurisdiction often brings further problems. The salvor has traditionally sought insurance into the Lloyd's market for his liability as a salvor. However open cover facilities are becoming rare and costly as the Lloyd's market declines. The lobbying activities of groups like the Standby Ship Operators Association and the International Support Vessel Association are welcomed by the industry. There is concern that oil majors are placing unacceptable pressures on tug owners to accept onerous indemnities. The experience of Shipowner's Protection Ltd in personal injury crew towage and collision claims are discussed along with trends in the business. In the spheres of pollution and wreck removal the shipowner's liability is continually being expanded.